Louis Vuitton Essay Example

Louis Vuitton Essay Louis Vuitton (LV) is the world’s leading luxury brand. It is ranked number 1. It is also regarded as the leading brand of the LVMH group and the 1st world group of luxurious goods which were produced and distributed. This brand was created in 1987. LVMH earned worldwide sales of â‚ ¬16. 5 billion in 2007 (+7. 7%). This achievement has ensured and conquered competition with its revenues being three times greater than its follower Richemont Group. The group has been split into five core activities with a rich portfolio of over 60 brands. Fashion and leather goods constitute â‚ ¬5. billion sales which accounts for nearly 34 % of the group’s turnover. It is also this sector that stimulates the group’s growth engine. LV dominates the luxury segment by reaching a target of â‚ ¬1. 659 billion turnover in 2006 (which is nearly 2 times its two main followers PPR and Valentino),. Further, LV owns 405 stores (+15 net openings in 2008). Its mission focuses on aimin g at being the ’ambassador of the occidental art of life’, to be the symbol of elegance and creativity by realising its selling dreams crossing tradition and modernity. Hence, it frames its core values with concepts such as creativity and innovation, state-of-the art product quality, and an invaluable brand trademark appeal. The high dynamism of the global group is driven by the exceptional appeal of the LV branding, its efficiency in strategic development, and a long standing presence worldwide. Credit goes to factors such as the strong organic growth, innovative and creative product development, the influential and impact driven communication means and messages on luxury voyage and thematic ideas, the French prestigious lifestyles, the authentic know how and the well managed distribution network. All these factors have fuelled LV’s dynamism. The current strategy has been developed on three main axes1: Strengthening of its position in the emerging market segment: As growth relays when mature markets slowdown (E. U. U. S. ) or declines (as in the case of Japan), with a retail network extension, there is a high growth potential of new customers with increasing purchasing power and eagerness to adopt the foreign luxury goods (e. g. China, Russia, and India). We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Vuitton specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Vuitton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Louis Vuitton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A ’premium† positioning’: By adopting a differentiation strategy, selling high quality innovative products at a higher price, and then staying above the emerging competition of the middle markets, rivals trade up in such a manner that they begin comforting its profitability. Therefore, they simultaneously engage a production cost cutting policy, while steadily investing in marketing, promotion and communication strategies which is essential to enhance the brand image. This serves as the main factor of the purchasing decision of such luxury goods. Innovation and communication: Innovation and communication is essential to support the premium strategy and to increase the customer panel by taking advantage of globalisation and the democratisation of the luxury market. Resource-based analysis Resources Main Characteristics Tangible Financial High sales revenue worldwide and a well-balanced and a developed situation versus emerging markets. (â‚ ¬ 5. 6 billions) High growth rates (+7. 7%) Financial resources and the capacity to support growth and investments (â‚ ¬ 246 millions in 2007). Physical 405 owned boutiques worldwide, and the increasing presence in the emerging markets (China: +9 openings in 2007, and 3 planned). Progressive and discrete relocation of production sites to low labour cost locations (such as Portugal and India) Intangible Technological High artisanal skills and the technically savvy know how Numerous trademarks and models being patented Efficient use of IT in retail and marketing sectors, and for worldwide strategic management Reputation Ranked as number one in the luxury market and has acquired the 17th position in Global brand market2 Emulates as image of luxury occidental and French lifestyles Voyage, elegance, excellence, style and quality Suitable for all occasions as its trends are in-between tradition and modernity Human Resources Designers, skilled workforce, sales force, and marketing internationally well-known brand icons From a Porter’s value chain concept (1990), the internal resources of LV are well allocated and linked . This has enabled the company’s capabilities to create a sustainable competitive advantage on a differentiation strategy by translating the brand communication, distribution, product innovation, and pricing policy. This translation has occurred while the production is gradually and confidentially being relocated to low labour cost countries in order to improve margins. The marketing strategy is of highest importance for the LV luxury strategy to feel the market trends, and to translate its value of excellence and prestige in a message which is perfectly perceived by the customers. External Environment: (Louis Vuitton in China) Macro Environment: PESTEL analysis3 The luxury market has challenged its growth by increasing its growth rate over the last decade (except 2001). This strategy was especially supported by the emerging markets of China, India, and Russia†¦ as growth relayed in the mature and almost saturated historical area (E. U. , U. S, and Japan). The increasing trends of international tourism, ’new rich people‘ and the favourable world economic growth, enabled the support of the luxury industry and the emergence of new customers and the subsequent trading areas. However, the financial crisis in 2007 and its economic aftermaths damaged the world economic growth. This in turn resulted in a slowdown in the areas of international trade and tourism. Further, there was a shocking decline in the stock markets, the savings, and the depreciating currencies fluctuations. China is a very dynamic country. It is a dynamic and versatile country in terms of being open to integrated and international trade. The buoyant economic growth begins with benefitting population, with the subsequent high potential middle to upscale consumer market which is emerging and looking for luxury and foreign accessories. However, the cultural matters and political lack of transparency has raised some informal barriers (i. e. it has been ranked as the 83rd country in which macro environment facilitates the theory of ’doing business’). Political factors: Gradual transition from a centrally, planned and closed environment to a social market China is a communist state government having a track record of being highly involved in business matters. Some of its examples have been cited as under: Incrementally FDI oriented, since 1979: This has resulted in price liberalisation, fiscal decentralisation, diversified banking system and stock market development†¦ 2007: It saw the evolvement of the unified corporate income tax (end of domestic fiscal protection). WTO member since 2001, meant obligations to implement international regulations It has still been regarded as a non-tariff trade barrier (existence of licensing, norms, quotas and cultural barriers). Additionally, costly and time-consuming red tape obstacles have to be overcome. Implementation of the ’One child’ policy over three decades. Continental China’s retention with Hong Kong and Taiwan in terms of specific statues and relationships. Issues: Being sensitive to diplomatic relationships in countries such as Tibet, Manchuria and Japan. Also, being aware of the human rights and fundamental freedoms internally. Economical: The impact of the ’economic miracle’ : In spite of a double digit GDP growth over the last decades (11. 9% in 2007), the same was eroded by the financial crisis and a subsequent economic slowdown was anticipated (7-8% expected by 2008) 2007 was earmarked: China achieved the 4th position from a worldwide point of view in terms of GDP growth. his was $3. 251 trillion. It also achieved the 2nd position in PPP ($7. 099 trillion). Despite these achievements, it continued to remain in the lower-middle income per capita ($ 1740, in 2005) group. China’s international and integrated/dependency: From obtaining a GDP of 10%, international trade in 1978 rising to 60% in 2006 versus a decreasing portion of national consumption which was below 40% in 2005. Inflation rate: China’s inflation rate was 4. 8% in 2007 Exchange rate: As per reports in 2008, the exchange rate (i. e. the US $ / RMB) was 7. 8. Real estate and land price reached a bubbling effect A system of fiscal incentive for FDI in specific coastal areas was introduced Huge workforces and low wages in comparison to low productivity and business management skills was effective and rampant Social: A buoyant emerging consumer market China’s population : A country constituting 1. 3 billion inhabitants (1/5 world population) and a population growth rate of 0. 629% (2008) Ageing population Education: As per surveys and reports in 1999, the country’s GDP was 1. 9% wherein a literacy rate of 90. % was achieved in 2006 Rural exodus : Conversion of rural areas in urban localities is only a new principle in China. Past data reveals that nearly 44% of area constituted to rural areas and there were 25 cities over 2millions inhabitants in 2006. The coastal development (i. e. ’ the two China’ and its downstream economic inequalities) was prevalent. Income Capacity: An additional 24% of urban households have reached an earning capacity of over $5000/yr annually. This increase has been observed over a terms of 10 years. It has also been predicted and forecasted that a population of nearly 5. million would have already started following the ’Western’ levels of disposable income (i. e. gt;=$10,000/yr). Asian savings concept : As all Asians have a traditional trait of saving, the theory holds good even for the Chinese who have high saving rates (25%) versus the low but increasing credit access and dependency Consumption: The consumption formula for the Chinese is deduced as under : Consumption = 1st economic driver (which is over taken by the FDI) Western impact on the society and its lifestyles: In China, the social values and lifestyles are changing i. . westernisation is at its peak. Habits and attitudes such as foreign attributes and brand awareness, fashion trends and social purchases (vs. utile), mass consumption , materialism, individualism (vs. collectivism), independence (vs. loyalty) are vibrant in the country. Technological factors: Technological advancement in China reveals that the country has left no stone unturned to ensure growth and sophistication. The initial heavy investment n infrastructure from the coastal development to the present inward mainland expansion is a critical example of technical advancement. To quote other examples, the increasing usage of internet. The only constraint being in the access to controlled information. Environmental factors: Huge costs to be borne for environmental damages The concept of ’Energivor’ for economic development and a national reserve for a limited capacity Legal factors: some progressions and transparencies which still remain undone Property rights and intellectual property matters: The issuance of patents, copy rights, and counterfeits’ (legal ownership property and the legal concept which was introduced in 2007) Non conformity to ILO legislation and the international quality controls and standards Guanxi versus contractual obligation and corruption (3. 3 score, the transparency international index in 2006) ’Constitution being ambiguous on judicial review of legislation, has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction’ (cia. gov). This has resulted in low independency from the government. Micro Environnent: competition’s structure and analysis LV is far ahead of the competition in the luxury segment for fashion and leather goods and accessories across the world. Further, China has been considered as one of the first-movers since 1992. However, LV has to be mindful of the high levels of the competitive structure, which is currently striving. However, the striving competitive structure has not been effectively established in emerging markets. The current trends shaking or stalling the competition are: The diversification of luxury brands: By this we mean, the degree or the extent to which rivalry is increasing in every luxury segment especially in accessories and fashion goods era. The democratisation trend of the luxury industry: This has resulted in a subsequent erosion of the entry barriers. Indeed, upscale and mass consumption brands are ’trading up’ their products (‘masstige’, i. e. mass production + prestigious marketing strategy). However, it might be an opportunity to enlarge the customer base by increasing sales and by trading down. The after effects could be that the LV brand image might deteriorate.

Essay Sample of Internship - A Sample of Writing and English Paper

Essay Sample of Internship - A Sample of Writing and English PaperAn essay sample of internship is a typical tool for preparing a sample of essay for internships. The sample serves as an extensive resource that helps the student to get an idea of the situation and events that are important in an internship. It provides a sample of what you need to convey while presenting your ideas and thoughts to your employer.There are many examples of essay sample of internship. Many students and job seekers often look for an example of internship. Some other people who are currently applying for a job have gone through a test. Before they get hired, they should get the example of an essay sample of internship written by a person who actually has gone through internship. An example of an essay sample of internship can help them determine what they will write in their internship.If you want to learn the topic in English paper or report, you need to get the sample of essay of an intern. Writing an e ssay of internship requires the writer to break down his or her own task and describe it with the help of a sample of the essay. Most students cannot do this unless they write it first before any specific deadline. It is best to make the composition process more enjoyable.The essay sample of internship can contain short paragraphs that relate to the job that the student wants to do. Each paragraph is designed to be easier to read if you compare it to the one that you might submit to a college or university. It is better to have a paragraph about the research that you have done and what kind of results you have obtained. Some of the samples of essay of internship can also include a few other instructions that might be helpful to you when applying for a particular internship. When writing the paragraph, it is important to remember to add references and reminders on certain information you need to tell about your internship.An essay sample of internship is very important because it can help the student understand how he or she will need to do his job. Students generally need to understand that they should include pertinent and relevant information in order to present the content properly. When you include a paragraph of your assignment in the sample of essay of internship, it must be organized and complete. It must also include all necessary information. Make sure that it makes sense to the employer.Make sure that the sample of essay of internship gives the instruction that will help you a lot. The instructions that you need to give must not be too hard for you to write. They should also be simple and easy to understand. You must always remember that your employer will have the last decision on what you will be assigned. Be sure that you are consistent when writing the sample of essay of internship. Every time you write it, it must reflect your previous work.This sample of the essay is useful to you. When you are choosing a specific time to write the assignment, it is a good idea to try this sample first. It is possible that the results will vary in your work. In this case, you should consider reading the example again to make sure that you understand the instructions well. The essay sample of internship is a helpful way to start.

Lioness With Anger Issues Professor Ramos Blog

Lioness With Anger Issues Summer of 2011. All twenty two girls are ready for blood. Well not literally blood, but you know, just the championship title. The girls playing in the first half jog to the field and get in their rightful positions while they wait for the referee. I quickly get down on one knee, silently say a little prayer, and quickly get up stretching my legs and arms one last time. And then, â€Å"BEEP† ! It starts, the opposite team has the ball and I know today is the day I have to score a goal, I need to be known as one of the top dogs of the team. Time goes by and the only thing I’ve done is throw ins and a couple kicks which is no good. Two of my new teammates have already scored and I’m happy but I want that small moment of glory for myself. The whistle gets blown which means that the first forty five minutes have ended. As I make my way onto the sideline I see my dad look at me with a â€Å" Is that really the best you can do on the field?† type of face. I just look down and reach my hand out for my water. I know I could do better but those girls are huge; like seriously, they’re about ‘5,6’, they look like they weigh more than 100lbs., their legs have a ton of well shaped muscles, and they bodyslam us with so much ease. My 12 year old, 65lbs.,’4,8’ self can’t do much against them. But my dad who played soccer for 20 years and almost made it professionally didn’t see that as an excuse. After about 5 minutes we all got back in our positions and we were ready to play again. Time is going by so fast and my teammates are getting ambushed. Luckily they see me and send me the ball. I brought the ball down with my leg and I start running like a madman. I had outrun the defense and I was beyond ready to score. As I paused and pulled my leg back I decided to shoot towards the upper left corner and as I brought my leg forward a force pushed me down to the ground. I looked up to see my opponent smirkin g at me and falsely said, â€Å"oops†. I picked myself up and quickly began to gently twist my ankle to relieve the pain We ended up losing 3-2 which wasn’t so bad for the first day of the tournament but it didn’t matter to me. All I wanted at that point was to get my revenge on that girl for taking my moment of glory and to make my dad proud of his oldest daughter following his athletic footsteps. So this is how I was helped by an opponent and my dad to bring out my â€Å"angrier† side to the game of soccer. The following day I was woken up at 8 in the morning by my dad. When I asked him why he said, â€Å"You look like a stick and if you want to be one of the best then you have to look your best.† He grabbed two squarish bean bags and drove me to the mountains. When we arrived he handed them to me and told me to put them on my feet. Confused I took them and noticed that they were both heavy; after putting them on I couldn’t pick my legs up as much as I wanted to. The 15lbs. weights were dreadful but my dad knew best so I slowly began jogging. And from then on that is how my excessive workouts began. At first my legs felt like noodles but after about 2 months I began to see the difference. My legs began to look buff which made me feel powerful but I was still being pushed down so we took my workouts even further. My dad would grab my boxing bag and he told me to run into it. I hated that workout so much because I couldn’t move my dad, not even an inch away from wher e he stood. But as I kept getting pushed by my dad and my opponents, I felt something bubbling inside me. When my dad came home and rested and a little while later he told me once again to get ready to push the bag. I looked at that bag with tiredness; my arm hurt and I didn’t feel like it would move. And I was right. Defeated, I told my dad that I didn’t want to workout and I went back inside the apartment and began to change for my soccer game later on in the afternoon. I was dreading the game because it was the same team that had the girl who pushed me down and I didn’t want to be humiliated in front of the audience and my team. It was dark and cold later on that day but I enjoyed that feeling. It made me relax for a little before the game started and I hoped that she wouldn’t be on my side. Luck was not on my side but I couldn’t complain so I just began looking towards her direction thinking of how I would be able to avoid her but nothing came to my mind. The lights turn on top of the field and all the girls were ready for the game. It was important for our team to win because we wanted so badly to make it to the finals. Once again all the girls aligned themselves on the fields and we waited for the signal. When the referee blew the whistle we all put our attention towards our rivals. We began pressuring and defending and keeping the ball in our possession as much as we could. Sadly, we weren’t doing as well but our desire kept us pushing. During the game I received the ball but I wasn’t able to give it to another player so I took it by myself. I dodged the midfielder and as I g ot closer to the goal post I noticed my last obstacle: her. The same person who had stolen my moment of glory. I panicked for a moment but then I got the bubbling feeling inside me again; and I looked at her with a sudden anger that I think I might have even snarled at her. I ran towards her and dodged her but she was able to keep up with me. She began pushing me little by little and I could hear her laughing every time I almost lost my balance. Hearing her laugh just pushed me to my limit. I slowed down a bit to be aligned with her and then I started pushing her. Somehow little me began to actually move her away from me. After pushing her she finally fell down and it took me by surprise. I heard my team scream, â€Å"There you go Susy, run, keep running.† Taking the ball up the field felt amazing at the moment; I was smiling like crazy. Unfortunately the whistle blew, indicating that I was outside, but it didn’t matter to me. Jogging back I realized that being angry f or a second helped me bring out my inner strength. Being seen as weak and tiny gave me a sense of aggression that helped me defy my opponents. The game ended with us tying and going into penalty kicks. Our best players went to the middle of the field while the rest of us stayed on the sidelines. Nobody said a word behind us as the girls, one by one would go up to the white circled grass where the ball was placed. Their goalie was able to block 2 of the goals which led to our defeat. Our girls came back to our side, trying not to cry and aligned themselves and we all walked down the mid field shaking the hands of the opponents. Our season had come to an end and even though we received third place, the girls all saw a growth in each and everyone of us. I was proud of the way I could hold my head up high and not cowering away from opponents even with a big difference in height and weight. I continued playing for teams until freshman year of high school. Junior year of high school I moved to a new school where I was able to impress the coaches by getting hit by a ball in the face and getting a bloody nose and still wanting to play. When giving the scrimmage shirts back my new coach asked me, â€Å" How tall are you?†, and I said â€Å" I’m 4’11.† which made him laugh. â€Å" Aren’t you afraid of the other girls? We go up against girls who are about a foot taller than you.† I laughed and shook my head â€Å"Nope I’m not scared of the height difference, that doesn’t make you good at soccer, the skills do,† I said to him. When tryouts ended I was chosen almost automatically. I don’t think I was chosen for being able to score because I never did score but I think my coach saw the potential and the determination I had when it came to every game. Being put against the biggest girls and seeing the way they would look at me was my favorite part because it usually took them by surprise when I was able to take them down so easily. With some girls it took more effort and sometimes I’d be the one that would end up down on the ground. As the season progressed, one of my teammates came up to me and asked, â€Å"Hey Susy, do you have anger issues? I see the way you go crazy whenever they get near you and try to get the ball.† I laughed and told her that I don’t have anger issues but that I out of the blue do get mad whenever they get near me and that became what I was known for. My closest friends and teammates gave me the nickname of â€Å"Leona† which means lioness, for my sudden anger that would take over and for my puffy hair. Growing up as tiny as I was and still am isn’t really fun because I’m always getting asked about it but I don’t mind it as much. When it comes to soccer I realized that the best players aren’t always the ones that are huge giants but the ones that are tiny. We’re super fast, we can dodge people better and we can easily get in front of other players with ease. And even though I’m looked down upon I’ll secretly enjoy it because it’ll just trigger the lioness from her slumber with a desire to feast on her prey.

Tax law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tax law - Case Study Example Jones to change Smithon from a fiscal year end to calendar year end and convert it to an S corporation. You asked that I give you definitive answers regarding the outright purchase of Smithon stock, as well as the potential merger or acquisition of Smithon by Johnson Services. Of these two main issues there are several minor points that need addressed? I will break each section down and answer those questions specifically, definitively responding for each. To be addressed first is, 1. the outright purchase of Smithon stock a. Should you purchase the stock of Smith outright, leaving Smithon intact? What about issuing debt in your Johnson Services company to pay for the Smith Company-would that raise debt to equity issues? It is sometimes better to purchase the stock of Smithon outright, however, in looking at the potential benefit of using the credit power of Johnson Services and issuing corporate bonds you would free up the cash necessary to make changes if they become a need. There is also the added benefit of the debt tax shield. IRC 514 expands on debt-finance income when one uses income gained by borrowing against investment property. (IRC 514) Obviously, an issue is the potential problem with debt to equity, however, given the losses posted by Johnson Services recently it seems expedient to explore corporate bonds or additional share opportunities and use the cash available to re-tool Smithon. By using the available debt tax shield, you stand to benefit in numerous ways from using Johnson Services as a backer for purchasing Smithon. One potential disadvantage is that issuing debt can increase the risk of bankruptcy. (Damodaran 9) b. Should I convert Smithon to an S corporation and change the fiscal year end to a calendar year end? c. What potential income tax ramifications exist for me if I purchase the stock of Smithon and convert it to an S corporation? If you use the credit available from Johnson to purchase Smithon it would be beneficial to retain the C status of that corporation and take full advantage of the corporate tax benefits resulting. However, if you decide to use cash to purchase Smithon and end up with a large personal liability then converting it to S status would become more beneficial. Due to increased taxes on a personal level with the utilization of â€Å"mean testing† it would seem more personally beneficial to retain the C status of the corporation and keep the potential income from that business out of the data included in the â€Å"mean testing.† The income of an S corporation is generally taxed to the shareholders of that corporation rather than the corporation itself. (IRS form 2553 1) As for changing from a fiscal to calendar year end, this would result in filing a short tax year, and additional expenses administratively with no real net benefit. d. Should I merge Johnson Services and Smithon? What type of merger or acquisition would be best (i.e., A type, etc.)? Because there are no available data sets as to the similarities between Smithon Widgets manufacturing and Johnson Services it would be necessary to further explore the ability for both companies to function together. If a merger becomes an option and is pursued successfully the most effective merger type given the information currently available would be the conglomeration merger. This type of merger is between two businesses that are involved in totally unrelated activities. There is the

Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Article Analysis - Essay Example However, the restrictions have provoked a major reaction from a number of lawmakers and cruise industry players. They argue that the new measure will increase costs for vacationers and the Alaska people who rely on sea vessels for their livelihood (Eliperin, 2012). For many years, huge ships have combusted heavy fuels ( fuels which contain 2,000 times or more sulfur as the diesel utilized by locomotives, trucks, small marine vessels, and construction equipment). The new regulation dictates that large ships reduce the sulfur content of their fuel to 1 percent in August 2012 from the present 2.7%. They arealsorequired to reduce they sullphure content in their fuel to 0.1% by 2015 (Eliperin, 2012; Walker, 2012). The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) indicates that the new regulation will prevent between 12,000 every year and at least 31,000 deaths by 2030, with the benefits offsetting the costs by 95 to 1. In other words, the new standards will reduce emissions from ships and assist in safeguarding the cities and port communities hundreds of miles away from the coast (Eliperin, 2012). The vehicle and the container shipping industries have agreed to meet the new standards but several firms have indicated that the fuel costs may rise by 25 percent. It is important to note that the playersin these industries do not spend as much time as the cruise industry players within the 200-mile zone. It is hard to estimate how much the cleaner fuel will cost because its availability is not certain. It is estimated by EPA that when fully implemented, the program will come with additional costs to shipping (about $18 for every 20-foot container) and passenger cruise tickets (an additional $7 per day). On the other hand, cruise analysts suggest that it can add as much as $19.46 per day to the passenger cruise ticket. The costs of goods in Alaska are set to increase and thuswill affect the economy Alaska.

American Indians and Free

American Indians and Freedom Essay American Indians have striven for freedom ceaselessly since the colonization in 1800s. But for different American Indians, the definitions of freedom vary a lot. For the chief Seattle, the writer of AUTHENTIC TEXT OF CHIEF SEATTLE’S TREATY ORATION 1854, the freedom means the rights to live with the nature harmoniously and to keep their religion and traditions. For Carlos Montezuma, the writer of Let My People Go, the definition of freedom is very absolute and stems from political rights. His freedom means the rights of managing the stuffs of American Indians totally without the control of white man. From my point of view, the definition of freedom to American Indians is more close to its political definition because the rights of protecting the holy nature will not be given if they lose the political rights. But I argue that the real freedom does not mean the absolute free. Moreover, the chief Seattle and Carlos Montezuma differ in the issue about whether American Indians should accept the management of colonists. For the chief Seattle, he thinks him and his people can accept the management of colonists on the condition that the colonists will not destroy their holy nature. For Carlos Montezuma, he asks the colonists not to interfere the issue of American Indians because the corrupt management of the colonists. I think that American Indians can accept the management of the colonists if they can own enough political rights. The best way is to contend for a democracy system and government for American Indians rather than just asking for leaving the control of the colonists. It is obvious that the two writers own quite different understandings when they face with the same wordfreedom, as I mentioned at the beginning. The writer of AUTHENTIC TEXT OF CHIEF SEATTLE’S TREATY ORATION 1854 shows deep love to his ancestors and the things his ancestors leave for them. He uses â€Å"sacred† to describe its ancestors and â€Å"hallowed ground†, â€Å"verdant valleys†, â€Å"murmuring rivers† and so on to describe his living environment. Also, the writer thinks that their religion is â€Å"the Great Spirit† and gives them in â€Å"solemn hours of the night. † Yet, in the perspectives of these American Indians, the colonists refuse to accept and respect the holy nature and ancestors of Africa Americans. The writer writes, â€Å"Your God is not our God! Your God loves your people and hates mine! † The quote indicates that American Indians in Seattle fear deeply that the colonial rule will ruin their living environment, religion and traditions. Hence, for the writer, their freedom means the respect of their culture. Nevertheless, Carlos Montezuma, the writer of â€Å"Let My People Go†, asks for totally different freedom. He writes, â€Å"The Indian Bureau is the only obstacle that stands in the way that hinders our people’s freedom. †, â€Å"†¦when the Indians will need the most help in this world , †¦ the Indian. Bureau will cease to exist†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"the Indian employees in the Indian Service; their personality is destroyed†¦they have nothing to say. † These quote express the strong willing of American Indians to escape from the control of White Americans because of the corruption of Indian Bureau. So, the definition of freedom to Carlos Montezuma is the rights to express their own willing and achieve more political rights. I quite agree with Carlos Montezuma because he wants to ask for more political rights. Even if the Big Chief at Washington promised that the new colonists will respect the culture of the American Indians in Seattle, he can easily renege on the promise without the political rights or the protection of the law. On the other hand, the chief Seattle and Carlos Montezuma own different attitudes towards the issue about the management of white American. Carlos Montezuma hastily wants to abolish the Indian Bureau system rather than improve the system. Carlos Montezuma writes, â€Å"The Indian Bureau system is wrong. The only way to adjust wrong is to abolish it, and the only reform is to let my people go. † The quote expresses the urgent willing of Carlos Montezuma to stop the run of the wrong system. He owns the opinion to escape the control of White Americans. However, I think that American Indians can accept the management of colonists only if the colonists launch laws to protect the American Indians and give them enough political rights. The opinion of stopping the run of the system is too arbitrary and naive. It is highly possible that a ruder way to manage the American Indians created after the abolition of the old system. Carlos Montezuma cannot accept the management of White Americans at all. But the chief Seattle’s requirements related to the acceptance of the White Americans’ management perhaps is without much consideration. The chief Seattle writes, â€Å"But should we accept it, I here and now make this condition that we will not be denied the privilege without molestation of visiting at any time the tombs of our ancestors, friends, and children. † The quote has implication that the chief Seattle will accept the colonial rule on the condition that the colonists will not hurt their ancestors, friends and children. And in the same paragraph, the writer emphasizes the importance to protect their holly hillsides, valleys, plains and so on again. I argue that his thoughts and requirements are too premature and primitive. These are the basic rights for human beings. Even these rights are promised to give these American Indiana, they are still far away from freedom, as I regard it. Therefore, the real freedom cannot be achieved either by abolishing a wrong system and totally losing control or by asking for so limited rights and show kindness or obedience to the colonists. Of course, freedom definitely is not what the Chief Seattle thinks. He views freedom as the rights on the foundation of compromise and only asks for poor limited rights. Besides, for me, freedom also is not absolute like Carlos Montezuma thinks. It does not mean you can do what you want without others’ management and totally losing control. Freedom means you can own all the proper political rights under the protection of an impartial system or laws. The most significant issue for the real freedom is to create a right system or laws to protect the rights legally for these American Indians. No matter the chief Seattle or Carlos Montezuma, they both lack in the consciousness to create a right system or laws to protect themselves. If this kind of thing can be done, the existence of India Bureau or the colonial rule of White Americans does not matter to them at all. For this reason, it is so vital for American Indians and also other races to force the society to create a more and more impartial system ceaselessly. Works Cited Carlos Montezuma, â€Å"Let My People Go†: An Address delivered at the conference of the Society of American Indians in Lawrence, Kansas, N. p : n. p ,1915 Dr. Henry A. Smith, AUTHENTIC TEXT OF CHIEF SEATTLE’S TREATY ORATION 1854, N. p : n. p ,1887.

Deregulation of the Electrical Industry :: essays papers

Deregulation of the Electrical Industry The roots of modern day regulation can be traced all the way back to the late 1800's and found in the form of antitrust. By the beginning of the 20th century, the U.S. government had formed the interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the railroad industry, and shortly thereafter, many other regulatory commissions were founded in the transportation, communication, and securities fields. The main goal of these regulatory commissions was to create a reasonable rate structure that would be appealing to both producers and consumers. While this system has worked for many years, it has recently come under heavy criticism, with many people pushing for open competition among electric power producers. Although once believed to be an impossible proposal, competition among electric power producers is finally a reality in a few areas. Massachusetts is just one state where legislation implemented to create competition among electric power producers is not only favored by the people of the state, but has also provided significant rate reductions as well. The attempt at regulating price in the electric industry is a troublesome one. The objective is not only to minimize the cost to consumers, but also to create a rate structure that will entice the electric company to remain in the industry. The regulatory commission wants the electric company to have a reason to innovate so that they will be able to provide cheaper power in the future. However, if the commission captures all gains from innovation in the form of lower prices, then the electric company has no incentive to undertake any type of innovation. Therefore, a compromise must be reached which would provide adequate incentives for firms to undertake cost-reducing actions while at the same time ensuring that the price for consumers is not exorbitant. The term regulation refers to government controlled restrictions on firm decisions over price, quantity, and entry and exit. Each factor of an industry must be regulated for producers and consumers to truly benefit. The control of price does not mean setting one fixed price, but rather entails the creation of a price structure for purchasing electricity during peak and non-peak times. The control of quantity refers to the government's attempt to control the amount produced or in this case the amount of electricity produced. For example, in the electric industry, it